Valentine NWR was established on August 14, 1935, by Executive Order No. 7142 “as a breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife.” Lands for the Refuge were purchased from private ranches,
recreational land, resort clubs, and corporations with investment interests. Funding for acquisition came
from the Emergency Conservation Fund of 1933. The dust bowl period of the 1930’s created concern among conservationists for the survival of waterfowl species. Many refuges were set-aside during this period to help in meeting the goals of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918. Since the 1940’s, additional lands have been
purchased and traded to straighten Refuge boundaries and improve Refuge administration. In 1992, the Fort
Niobrara-Valentine National Wildlife Refuge Complex acquired the Yellowthroat Wildlife Management Area,
a 920-acre fee title/easement area in Brown County, and in 1995, the 180-acre fee title Holt Creek Wildlife
Management Area in Keya Paha County through the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Farmers Home Administration, under provisions of the 1990 Farm Bill. A Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Camp of 200 enrollees was established on Valentine NWR in 1935 and was operational until 1939. The CCC enrollees constructed fences, roads, buildings, fire towers, planted trees and shrubs, developed ponds and water control structures, and built a diversion ditch from Gordon Creek. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NG&PC) acquired a water right for the Gordon Creek Diversion. In the early 1980’s, this water right was relinquished for lack of use and also because it was not in the best interest of the Refuge. Surface water management has been facilitated by subsequent construction of seven water control structures and records of lake elevations are available since the 1950’s.
recreational land, resort clubs, and corporations with investment interests. Funding for acquisition came
from the Emergency Conservation Fund of 1933. The dust bowl period of the 1930’s created concern among conservationists for the survival of waterfowl species. Many refuges were set-aside during this period to help in meeting the goals of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918. Since the 1940’s, additional lands have been
purchased and traded to straighten Refuge boundaries and improve Refuge administration. In 1992, the Fort
Niobrara-Valentine National Wildlife Refuge Complex acquired the Yellowthroat Wildlife Management Area,
a 920-acre fee title/easement area in Brown County, and in 1995, the 180-acre fee title Holt Creek Wildlife
Management Area in Keya Paha County through the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Farmers Home Administration, under provisions of the 1990 Farm Bill. A Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Camp of 200 enrollees was established on Valentine NWR in 1935 and was operational until 1939. The CCC enrollees constructed fences, roads, buildings, fire towers, planted trees and shrubs, developed ponds and water control structures, and built a diversion ditch from Gordon Creek. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NG&PC) acquired a water right for the Gordon Creek Diversion. In the early 1980’s, this water right was relinquished for lack of use and also because it was not in the best interest of the Refuge. Surface water management has been facilitated by subsequent construction of seven water control structures and records of lake elevations are available since the 1950’s.
1930’s. The Refuge was opened for the following hunting seasons: deer in 1964, pheasant and grouse in 1965, waterfowl in 1977, dove in 1983, and coyotes in 1986. From 1935 through 1972, Valentine NWR was managed by an on-site refuge manager in charge of only Valentine NWR. In 1973, the Refuge was joined with Fort Niobrara NWR to form a Complex with one manager in charge. The Refuge has two Research Natural Areas closed to public entry, a 15,809-acre proposed wilderness area designated in 1973 and located in the southwest part of the Refuge, and was recognized as a Registered National Landmark in 1979.
library.fws.gov/CCPs/valentine.pdf
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